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                    <text>PUBLIC LAW 95-341--AUG. 11, 1978

92 STAT. 469

Public Law 95-341
95th Congress

Joint Resolution

Aug. 11, 1978
[S.J. Res. 102]

American Indian Religious Freedom

Whereas the freedom of religion for all p eople is an in herent right,
fundamental to the democratic structure of the United S tates and is
guaranteed by the First Amendment of the United States
Constitution;
Whereas the United States has traditionally rejected the concept of a
government denying individuals the right to practice their religion
and, as a result, has benefited from a rich variety of religious
heritages in this country;
Whereas the religious practices of the American Indian (as well as
Native Alaskan and Hawaiian) are an integral part of their culture,
tradition and heritage, such practices forming the basis of Indian
identity and value systems:
Whereas the traditional American Indian religions, as an integral part
of Indian life, are indispensable and irreplaceable;
Whereas the lack of a clear, comprehensive. and consistent Federal
policy has often resulted in the abridgment of religious freedom for
traditional Am erican India ns;
Whereas such religious infringements result from the lack of
knowledge or the insensitive and inflexible enforcement, of Federal
policies and regulations premised on a variety of laws;
Whereas such laws were designed for such worthwhile purposes as
conservation and preservation of natural species and resources but
were never intended to relate to Indian religious practices and,
therefore, were passed without consideration of their effect on
traditional Am erican India n religions;
Whereas such laws and policies often deny American Indians acc ess to
sacred sites required in their religions, including cemeteries;
Whereas such laws at times prohibit the use and possession of sacred
objects necessary to the exercise of religious rites and ceremonies;
Whereas traditional Am erican India n ceremo nies have b een intruded
upon, interfered with, and in a few instances banned: Now,
therefore, be it

�Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, That henceforth it shall be the policy
of the United States to pro tect and pre serve for A merican In dians their
inherent right of freedom to believe, express, and exercise the
traditional religions of the American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut, and Native
Hawaiians, including b ut not limited to access to sites, use and
possession of sacred objects, and the freedom to worship through
ceremonials and traditional rites.
Sec. 2. The Pre sident shall dire ct the variou s Federal d epartments,
agencies, and other instrumentalities responsible for administering
relevant laws to evaluate their policies and procedures in consultation
with native traditional religious leaders in order to determine
appropriate changes necessary to protect and preserve Native American
religious cultural rights an d practic es. Twelve months after approval
report of this resolution, the President shall report back to the Congress
the results of his evaluation, including any changes which were made
in administrative policies and procedures, and any recommendations he
may have for legislative action.
Approved August 11, 1978.

L E G I S L A T IV E H I S T O R Y:
HO USE REP ORT No. 95 -1308 a ccom panying H.J. Res. 73 8 (Com m. on In terior
and I nsula r Affa irs).
SEN AT E RE PO RT N o. 95 -709 (Com m. o n Ind ian A ffairs).
CON GRE SSIO NA L RE COR D, Vo l. 124 (197 8):
Apr. 3, considered and passed Senate.
July 18, H.J. Res. 738 considered and passed House; proceedings vacated
and
S.J. Res. 102, amended, passed in lieu.
July 2 7, Se nate c oncu rred in Hou se am endm ent.

�</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27347">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27348">
                <text>Document</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27349">
                <text>.pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27350">
                <text>United States</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="401">
        <name>American Indian Religious Freedom Act</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
