7 10 122 https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/f60d8e7dc565b70642f1e1a16cbbd79a.jpg 773c9c36612ced416216c7ee5b5e7ff7 Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Piazza Navona Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charlie Martens (2017) Description An account of the resource The Piazza Navona is placed just west of the Pantheon. Today it is a bustling hub for both tourists and locals alike, with restaurants and bars lining the edges to provide a pleasant outdoor dining experience. However the piazza was not always the active tourist and local destination as it is today. The Piazza Navona was originally a hippodrome (a stadium for chariot races) built by Diocletian in Roman antiquity. Like many other great monuments of the Ancient Romans, the hippodrome was essentially abandoned and left ignored during the Middle Ages. As you can see from the accompanying photo, the original long elliptical shape of the hippodrome still persists. However, the original structure of the Stadium of Diocletian would have been far more apparent in the medieval period. Instead of the Renaissance and Baroque era buildings that face the piazza today, dwellings of the medieval piazza would have been ensconced within the original vaults of the Stadium. Though most of the original stadium has since been engulfed by newer buildings, you can still see pieces of the original framework in which these medieval houses would have been situate in the museum of the Stadium of Diocletian, at the northern end of the Piazza Navona. It was not uncommon for the piazza to host races and tournaments during the late medieval era. Beginning in the thirteenth century, Rome put on games in a celebration of the community which featured three games in particular: the hasti ludium in which horsemen would demonstrate their proficiency with a lance by threading them through suspended rings, the horse races, and the bull-and-pig-chasing. The first two games mentioned were featured in the Piazza Navona. Presently the impressive Baroque façade of the Church of Saint Agnes in Agony looms over the Piazza Navona. The church was originally built as a humble oratory to the Christian martyr Saint Agnes sometime before 800. Similar to the other buildings of the piazza, the oratory was embedded in the original structure of the Stadium of Diocletian. In the early twelfth century, Pope Callistus II had the oratory greatly enlarged. Though the structure of the church certainly changed, the original plan of the basilica was retained to an extent. By the end of this project, the church of Saint Agnes in Agony towered over all other buildings in the square, which remains to be the case today. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Piazza Navona is placed just west of the Pantheon. Today it is a bustling hub for both tourists and locals alike, with restaurants and bars lining the edges to provide a pleasant outdoor dining experience. However the piazza was not always the active tourist and local destination as it is today. The Piazza Navona was originally a hippodrome (a stadium for chariot races) built by Diocletian in Roman antiquity. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context piazzanavona_2015 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Krautheimer, Richard. Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 12-271. "Le Origine." Sant'Agnese in Agone. Date Accessed April 18, 2015. http://www.santagneseinagone.org/homepage.html Maire Vigueur, Jean-Claude. L'altra Roma: Una Storia dei Romani all'epoca dei communi (secoli XII-XIV). Torino: Einaudi, 2011. p. 140-146 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Piazza Navona, 00186 Roma RM Subject The topic of the resource Neighborhoods neighborhoods https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/9583c4dd76c9e7d9dd0a4c8e58183ca0.jpg 4b6221311299761b3119f4bcecd92c12 Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource San Angelo in Pescheria Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles Martens (2017) Description An account of the resource San Angelo in Pescheria is located just north of Tiber Island and the Theater of Marcellus and just east of the Jewish Ghetto. The church was constructed in the mid-eighth century by Pope Stephen II in one of the porches of what used to be the Porticus Octaviae, or the Porticus of Octavia. The Porticus of Octavia was originally built in the second century BC as the Portico of Metellus, but it was reconstructed by the Roman Emperor Augustus and dedicated to his sister, Octavia, around 27 BC. Much like many of the structures of Roman antiquity, the Porticus was adapted in the beginning of the Middle Ages to fit the needs of the time. In this case, it was adapted into a fish market, hence the name of the church, San Angelo in Pescheria. Some of the original columns from the Porticus are visible today outside the church. In addition, many of the colonnades of the ancient building were filled in with houses. The church itself has a couple interesting features. Due to the strong Byzantine influence at the time of construction, the church was constructed with three apses, one at the end of the nave and one at the end of each aisle. Furthermore, San Angelo once featured mosaics in the Byzantine style. Historically, San Angelo in Pescheria played an important role in Cola di Rienzo’s rise to power during the mid-fourteenth century. This was likely due to the fact that not only was the church near Cola’s home in Anagni, but it was also near the Capitoline Hill, which was a political center at the time. According to The Life of Cola di Rienzo, Cola once painted a scathing work of political commentary directed towards the barons on the wall of San Angelo in Pescheria. Later in May of 1347 he and a crowd of other conspirators began an armed march to the Palace of the Campidoglio from the church in order to rally in support for Cola’s rise to power. Abstract A summary of the resource. San Angelo in Pescheria is located just north of Tiber Island and the Theater of Marcellus and just east of the Jewish Ghetto. The church was constructed in the mid-eighth century by Pope Stephen II in one of the porches of what used to be the Porticus Octaviae, or the Porticus of Octavia. The Porticus of Octavia was originally built in the second century BC as the Portico of Metellus, but it was reconstructed by the Roman Emperor Augustus and dedicated to his sister, Octavia, around 27 BC. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sanangelopescheria_2015 Subject The topic of the resource Cola’s Rome Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "Cola di Rienzo." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Date Accessed May 24, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/124884/Cola-Di-Rienzo Krautheimer, Richard. Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. p. 81-299. "Potico d'Ottavia." Roma Sito Turistico Ufficiale. Date Accessed May 16, 2015. http://www.turismoroma.it/cosa-fare/portico-d%E2%80%99ottavia Wright, John, trans. The Life of Cola di Rienzo. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1975. p. 38-40. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via della Tribuna di Campitelli, 6, 00186 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1300s Cola’s Rome https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/81313bc7705c2b272b44a64abf7a5536.jpg 8e3fdfddcc1a63a1ebed2ffdb395ed31 Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lex Vespasiana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Emma Burd (2015) Description An account of the resource The Lex Vespasiana is a bronze tablet made in 69 AD to commemorate the emperor Vespasian’s acceptance of various imperial privileges from the Senate and people of Rome. Today, the Lex Vespasiana is installed in the Capitoline Museum. In the 14th century Life of Cola di Rienzo, written by an anonymous contemporary, it was hanging in the Lateran. Cola, who “alone knew how to read and interpret” its inscription, uses the tablet as a historical precedent for his argument, in a well-received speech, that the Senate, and people, i.e. the barons, of Rome, had too much power and that the emperor and pope ought to regain their former primacy in the city. Vespasian did not inherit the Roman Empire, but came to power through bloodshed, and the Lex Vespasiana repeatedly tries to create a continuity between his rights as emperor and those of his Julio-Claudian predecessors, emphasizing with each item that the divine Augustus and Tiberius had also been granted the same privileges. Cola, as reported by the author of the Life, adapts the language of the tablet to better fit his time or match to his interpretation, but the point is clear: just as Vespasian gave his decrees more authority by recalling the laws of “legitimate” (or deified) emperors, so does Cola use the example of his city’s former glory days to legitimize his reforms. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Lex Vespasiana is a bronze tablet made in 69 AD to commemorate the emperor Vespasian’s acceptance of various imperial privileges from the Senate and people of Rome. Today, the Lex Vespasiana is installed in the Capitoline Museum. In the 14th century Life of Cola di Rienzo, written by an anonymous contemporary, it was hanging in the Lateran. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context lexvespasiana_2015 Subject The topic of the resource Cola’s Rome Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wright, John, trans. The Life of Cola di Rienzo. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1975. Brunt, P. A. “Lex de Imperio Vespasiani.” The Journal of Roman Studies 67 (1977): 95-116. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Piazza del Campidoglio, 1, 00186 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1300s Cola’s Rome Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Papacy and Roman Hospitals Description An account of the resource During the period when the seat of the papacy was in Avignon, many of the municipal leaders in Rome began to gain more power over the urban institutions. Once the popes returned to the city they attempted to reestablish control of many of the institutions over which they once had power. There was much dispute of who was truly in control: the popes who, for almost a century, had ruled from afar or the civic leaders. One particular example of this is the hospital at Santo Spirito. In her book on hospitals in medieval Rome, Carla Keyvanian points to three specific examples showing that this hospital had fallen under the influence of the municipal authorities. In 1369, the senate publicly honored the governor of the hospital for providing fighting men to the Senate. A governor of the hospital participated in the coronation of Cola di Rienzo. Finally, the senate decided to erect a statue of Pope Clement VI (1291-1352) on the grounds of the hospital. The popes went to a lot of trouble to reclaim their hold over the institution. Pope Eugene IV (1383-1447) claimed to have found a register of the confraternity of Santo Spirito that stated that former popes had established the hospital and therefore it was papal property. Paul II (1464-1471) launched a restoration of the hospital to regain the moral rights over the institution. Following him, Sixtus IV (1414-1484) abolished the longstanding confraternity of Santo Spirito and started a new one, with members loyal to the papacy like relatives and liegemen. But the best way for Sixtus to stake his claim over the hospital was to rebuild its buildings. The building that Innocent III had built was deteriorating, so in 1473 Sixtus began his restoration. He extended the infirmary to the east towards the Ponte Sant’Angelo. In doing this, Santo Spirito became the largest hospital in Europe and became the center for medical research. To ensure the rights of those who fund and build these institutions, Sixtus issued three Papal Bulls -- in 1476 and again in 1477 -- declaring that he built Santo Spirito. Then in 1478, he issued a bull that established legal ownership over public works by those who funded them. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daamir Robinson (2020) Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Keyvanian, Carla. Hospitals and urbanism in Rome, 1200-1500. Leiden: Brill, 2016. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context papacyhospitals_2017 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via dei Penitenzieri, 12, 00193 Roma RM, Italy Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1400s hospitals https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/26e4341069482ddfda5068d0c15db75d.jpg 11aa249164caa882fb20b5228b5c4647 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Foundling Wheel Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource The Foundling Wheel outside the Hospital of Santo Spirito. Unwanted babies left here anonymously would be taken in and cared for by the hospital. Many of these children growing up in the care of the Order would later join the Order themselves. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rachel Cruz '19 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Hospitallers and the Order of Santo Spirito Description An account of the resource Guy de Montpellier, a Templar Knight from France, founded the Order of the Holy Spirit in 1170 and the hospital Saint-Esprit in 1174. The Hospitallers (also known as the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem) were a religious order that adopted a version of the Augustinian rule and arrived in Rome during the pontificate of Innocent III. The Hospitallers were headquartered in the Roman Forums; they ran the hospital of Sant'Urbano in the Forums and took over the former monastery of San Basilio in the early 13th century. Pope Innocent III was instrumental in establishing Guy’s Order in Rome; after having visited the houses in France, he saw that "the hungry were fed, the poor clothed, and the sick ministered to..." and officially recognized the Order in 1198, including the privilege to request from bishops the right to ask for alms “among ordinary Christians." Innocent was so impressed by the charitable Rule of the Order that he "modeled rule of Santo Spirito in Sassia, his hospital in the Borgo, on the Hospitaller Rule" (Keyvanian 149) before gifting them the hospital in another bull from June 19, 1204. This bull also permitted the Order to preach, confer the sacraments, provide burial for their supporters during time of interdict, be exempted from tithes on lands used for the support of the poor, and to receive grants of the tithe revenues of others. Both of these actions emphasize Innocent’s admiration of the Rule of the Order of Santo Spirito, as well as the power the Order had gained by being in a favorable position with the papacy. The mission of the Hospitallers under Guy de Montpellier was to give charity to "newborns, orphans, children, old people, abandoned girls, pregnant women, 'sinful' women, and traveling religious" (Brodman 145). As Brodman also points out, the Order of the Holy Spirit recruited from among the ranks of the female orphans and the abandoned children it raised. The Rule "provided that young girls in these circumstances would have the option of becoming a professed member of the community or else leaving it for matrimony; presumably the order had far less need for adolescent boys" (Brodman 144). Like other Orders and Confraternities of the era, Montpellier’s Order focused on marginalized groups of society, and strove to make sure that poor girls could grow up to have respectable places in society. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rachel Cruz (2019) Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brodman, James William. "The Hospitaller Orders." Chapter 4 of his Charity and Religion in Medieval Europe, 137-49. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2009. Keyvanian, Carla. Hospitals and Urbanism in Rome, 1200-1500. Leiden: Brill, 2016. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context hospitallerssantospiritoorder_2017 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Lungotevere in Sassia, 1, 00193 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1100s hospitals Unsure on details https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/ecac701a33e02aedbcc5973fddf35f09.JPG 188ea9faa8c17e8c9de1f2d5d1ffec44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hospital of St. Thomas of Canterbury Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource Shield and inscription placed by King Henry VII in 1412 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julia Truten '19 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Hospital of St. Thomas of Canterbury and Margery Kempe Description An account of the resource In the early 15th century, the Roman building that is now the Venerable English College was the Hospital of St. Thomas of Canterbury. This particular hospital was famous for housing Margery Kempe at the beginning and end of her stay in Rome, from Winter 1414 to Spring 1415. With Rome recovering after from the popes’ returning from Avignon and the squabbling powerful families in the area - especially in the Jewish ghetto, in which the Hospital of St. Thomas owned property - the Rome into which Margery Kempe entered would have been on the precarious side of glory. This insecurity comes into play when Margery Kempe, inspired by her travel companion Margarete Florentyn of Assisi, decides to give away all her money, including that which she borrowed from her only other consistent travel companion, a man named Richard. She was evicted from the hospital, after which she went through her famous ‘marriage to the godhead,’ dressed all in white. Through begging, she was eventually able to pay back Richard and support herself. Only at this point was she readmitted to the Hospital of St. Thomas. It was also during this time that, at a loss for a confessor, she befriended a German priest and prayed for thirteen days that he be divinely endowed with an understanding of the English language, thus miraculously forging herself a confessor to serve both as a tool for her faith and as evidence of it. Her admission to the hospital was originally based on her identity as several of the groups helped by hospitals: a woman, traveling alone, from another country -- and at this hospital, specifically from England. Presumably, her encounters with the hospital, locked down for history in her accounts, would have been similar to those of other English pilgrims, other women, and other religiously ecstatic individuals. Margery Kempe spent time at several churches nearby the Hospital of St. Thomas, including St. Bridget’s, the teachings of which also informed her pious behavior, and St. Catherine’s, still around the corner from the College. Her experience as a traveler of Rome was shaped by experiences she could have had only as a pedestrian, and as someone living in such a space; several seminal encounters on her journey would never have happened if she had stayed with an elite friend or traveled with an entourage. Some of these encounters, especially with impoverished women, decidedly shaped her ideas about poverty as a pious technique and about the religious roles of women. All that is left now in the Venerable English College of the medieval hospital is the shield which Henry VII placed over its entryway (now visible inside the main hallway) and the window from the hospital’s church, moved into the central courtyard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julia Truten (2019) Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Howes, Laura L. "Romancing the City: Margery Kempe in Rome." 680-90. Studies in Philology. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context stthomasmargerykempehospital_2017 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via di Monserrato, 45, 00186 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1400s hospitals Unsure on details https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/8822ec1c6b57ffc156be0d1d97806350.JPG 3a638e28dcfc1af7a06862d4fa1b40cd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Santa Maria Aracoeli Subject The topic of the resource Cola di Rienzo Description An account of the resource Santa Maria in Aracoeli Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anna Gergley '19 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/ac99efce37501fd03e916035f66bb4ca.JPG e0e862fbac4857014707eb45240082c1 Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Santa Maria in Aracoeli Description An account of the resource "The three bodies, covered with golden mantles were carried into Santa Maria by the friars into the chapel of Colonna. The countesses came with a multitude of women, tearing their hair to weep and mourn over the dead, over the bodies of Stefano, Janni, and Pietro de Agabito. The tribune had them driven away and refused any honor or obsequies, saying, ‘If they provoke me any further I shall have these three cursed corpses thrown into the pit of the hanged men, since they are perjurers and do not deserve to be buried.’ The corpses were then carried to the Church of San Silvestro and buried by the nuns without lament.” The Life of Cola di Rienzo, Ch. 35, p.87-88. Santa Maria in Aracoeli was completed in the 12th century. It was originally called Santa Maria Capitolio, but was renamed later when it gained the relics of St. Helen, Emperor Constantine’s mother. The church also houses minor relics from the Church of Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The 12th-century legend is that the church is built on the place where Tiburtine Sibyl prophesied the coming of Christ to Augustus. When the papacy was in Avignon, baronial families held most of the power in Rome, because they had the land and men to defend themselves. The Colonna, Savelli, and Orsini families controlled much of the land in the area we have termed today as “Cola’s Rome” at this time. Cola di Rienzo despised the baronial families because he thought that their leadership was motivated by self-interest, and that Rome had fallen into a state of disarray because the “tyrants” did nothing to manage the city affairs. Cola’s main mission was to rid Rome of the baronial families and restore civil government. In order to do this, Cola had to first convince the Romans that Rome was in decay and that they should affirm his argument for the powers of the Senate and civic government. Then he had to punish and/or murder the barons, in order to assert his dominance. Santa Maria Aracoeli was one place where he asserted power over the barons. Cola di Rienzo refused to let the Colonna countesses bury their male family members in the family chapel after Cola had murdered them. To understand in larger context why it was such a blow to the Colonna family that Cola refused to let them bury their dead in their family chapel, we need to understand the significance of family chapels at this time. This was a very holy and important church for the people of Rome, and it was the renowned burial site of families who ruled Rome in the 14th century. The chapels are much taller than the aisles of the church. This is because chapels functioned similarly to towers, in that the taller the chapel was, the more powerful the family. The Colonna family had to display their wealth and power, so when they secured the rights to build a family mausoleum, they excavated the wall so they could make their chapel taller than the others. The Colonna chapel is also directly across from the aracoelli, which was the best position in the church because it was the closest to the holy relic. Chapels took on the role of displaying power because they had a much greater chance of survival than towers, which were continuously destroyed by enemies. The family chapels were more stable because they were protected by the friars, and in the minds of Christians, by the Virgin and God.When Cola di Rienzo refused to let the Colonna countesses bury their dead in the church, he was in essence refusing the dead their proper resting place in the afterlife. This brought distress to the living Colonnas, because this was their responsibility. Ironically, Cola di Rienzo met his own death very close to this church. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anna Gergely (2019) Subject The topic of the resource Cola di Rienzo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bolgia, Claudia. “Ostentation, Power, and Family Competition in Late-Medieval Rome: The Earliest Chapels at S. Maria In Aracoeli.” Aspects of Power and Authority in the Middle Ages, volume 14, (2007): 73-105 Ghisalberti, Alberto Maria, and John Wright. The Life of Cola Di Rienzo. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1975. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context santamariaaracoeli_2017 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Scala dell'Arce Capitolina, 12, 00186 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1300s cola di rienzo https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/4846c715677091bb7d129832a7806d4f.jpg 0e2147494e8687cdf24cf076c639cfa4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cola di Rienzo Statue Subject The topic of the resource Cola di Rienzo Description An account of the resource Pictured here is the an 1877 statue of Cola located near Campidoglio Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Dahlsten '19 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Petrarch, Cola, and the Coronation at the Campidoglio Description An account of the resource Petrarch was an influential humanist and poet who lived and wrote contemporary to Cola di Rienzo. In 1341, probably on April 8th, Petrarch was crowned poet laureate at the Campidoglio. When he was selected for this honor, he was given his choice of city for the ceremony. He wanted to restore the poetic tradition of the ancients and felt that by choosing Rome he was taking his place among them. If you would like to read his coronation oration, it can be found here: http://www.jstor.org/stable/460017?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents (ignore the introduction). As you stand on the Campidoglio, you can imagine Petrarch giving this speech in the heart of Rome, receiving one of the greatest honors of his life. Petrarch was passionate about renewing the ancient grandeur of Rome and wanted to reinstate it as a central power. He despised the Avignon Papacy and sent letters to the Pope pleading for a Papal return to Rome. So naturally, when Cola rose to power, Petrarch supported him. Petrarch desired to become the Virgil to Cola’s Augustus. He offered his poetic services and Cola readily accepted. Just like Cola’s reign, Petrarch’s support for Cola did not last long, but it was important in framing how the world saw Cola. Because Petrarch’s works were widely read from after his death up until the present day, the letters and poems written about Cola have continued to influence the public view of Cola and his Rome. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Dahlsten (2019) Subject The topic of the resource Cola di Rienzo Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Petrarca, Francesco. The Essential Petrarch, ed. Peter Hainsworth. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 2010. Smarr, Janet. "Petrarch: A Vergil Without a Rome" Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, vol. 18. Binghamton, New York, 1982. Wilkins, Ernest H. "Petrarch’s Coronation Oration." PMLA 68: 5(1953): 1241. doi:10.2307/460017. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context campidogliopetrarch_2017 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Piazza del Campidoglio, 00186 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1300s cola di rienzo Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Working on the Tiber Description An account of the resource In the medieval city of Rome, the Tiber River was an important part of the economic and everyday life. It was used as the major water source, a valuable transportation center, and also the production center for several industries that were restricted by law to the area around the Tiber for reasons such as the repellant smell and the low prestige of such work. As a consequence, people of lower economic status lived and worked near the river. Life along the Tiber was not an easy one for many reasons. Before the walls surrounding the river were built in 1870, floods were quite frequent around the river. Every time the river flooded, workers whose jobs were located on and around the Tiber would be severely damaged. Fishing platforms and mills, which were owned by richer families and institutions and leased out to millers and fishermen in exchange for a portion of their income, would be almost fully destroyed. Since the less prosperous people could not afford to rebuild their businesses immediately after the floods, life of a worker along the Tiber was not an easy one. Some of the most popular jobs in Borgo near the Tiber were held by tanners, fishermen, ferry-men, millers, dyers, laundresses and water-sellers. None of these jobs paid as well as a more prestigious jobs that were allowed near the city center such as printing and weaving did. A few of the major jobs such as washing laundry and selling water were gendered. Laundry business was usually held by women while water-sellers were mostly men, except for a few exceptions such as the mother of Cola di Rienzo, who was both a water-seller and a laundress. Even though the working class of Rome did not receive much support from the rich families and institutions of Rome, there was still some form of protection by the Papacy. The Papacy, for instance, passed a law that banned men and prostitutes from bathing near the bend of the Tiber as laundresses usually occupied the opposite side of the river for work. After the construction of aqueducts and laundry fountains throughout the city, fewer people depended on the Tiber for their businesses. However, the Tiber continued to be an important part of life in Rome as many Romans considered the Tiber’s water to be the best water of Europe, and many laundresses carried on washing their laundry on their usual platforms by the river. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alperen Turkol (2018) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Rinne, Katherine Wentworth. The Waters of Rome: Aqueducts, Fountains, and the Birth of the Baroque City. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010. Bianchi, L. “Medieval Survivals in Modern Rome. ” Transactions on the Built Environment 9(1999): 441-450. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context workingtiber_2017 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Not Applicable Tiber Unsure on details workers https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/e8601c0ef8ac83bc923f9fc6a8f6e618.png 7d7ae8b1d97561107eaa592f53d9360b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Via Sacra Subject The topic of the resource Workers in the Borgo Description An account of the resource The Via Sacra is the only visible labeled road in this map dating from 1553, and appears quite wide and straight. This is striking in contrast to the jumble of empty space and houses in the old city. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Immigrant Labor on the Via Sacra Description An account of the resource The Via Papalis or Via Sacra is a set of streets throughout Rome that connects the Lateran Complex all the way until St. Peter's square, passing through the Castel Sant’Angelo, the Capitoline Hill, and a series of prominent marketplaces along the way. It was the traditional route for the pope to follow upon his election, and as such was also followed by many pilgrims every year. The buildings and streets of the route required significant upkeep, and many of the laborers who did so were immigrants themselves. This is especially true in the early fifteenth century, and may have been due to many foreigners following the popes back across the Alps. These immigrants were used heavily in projects restoring St. John the Lateran and St. Peter’s. Later in the 15th century the popes ordered the Castel Sant’Angelo be reconstructed, and that the Via Sacra be widened in the stretch between the castle and St. Peter’s square. Interestingly, these later projects involved fewer trans-alpine workers, but large numbers of immigrants from other Italian cities. This may have been due to foreigners assimilating quickly into Rome and then changing their last name to “de Roma”, which would mean we could no longer identify them as foreigners from notarial records. These laborers were paid on a day to day contract, and thus enjoyed little stability. The notarial records show some days hiring only 12 murators or skilled laborers, while hiring 94 in others. Manovales, the less skilled counterpart, may have endured even more variation in employment status. Part of this is likely because workers could work on different projects on different days. But in the case of injury or sickness, laborers had no security to fall back on. This was only exacerbated by their immigrant status, which suggests that they may have lacked a support network in Rome to depend upon while recovering. Thus construction work may have been a sort of vicious cycle, appealing only to those desperate for work, but ultimately ensuring that these individuals remain in the lowest classes. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jack Lightbody (2018) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1400s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights uncertain for photo: FLAG Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Lee, Egmont. "Workmen and Work in Quattrocento Rome." In Rome in the Renaissance The City and the Myth, edited by P. Ramsey, 141-52. Binghampton, NY: Center for Medieval & Early Renaissance Studies, 1982. Lee, Egmont. " Notaries, Immigrants, and Computers: The Roman Rione Ponte, 1450-1480." In Sources of Social History: Private Acts of the Late Middle Ages, edited by Paolo Brezzi, 239-49. Rome: Istituto di Studi Romani, 1984. P. Ligorio, Urbis romae situs, Rome, M. Tramezzino, 1552. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via Sacra, 00186 Roma RM Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context viasacraimmigrantlabor_2017 uncertain photo rights Unsure on details workers Workers in the Borgo