4 10 122 https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/f197907b22c643ad8b92a6adee89ccfd.jpg ee43ee053a1b9b58ac7a7fa71479181c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Via di San Vicenzo: Exterior Walls Subject The topic of the resource Houses and Shops Description An account of the resource As homeowners renovated and updated their structures, they followed a common practice of incorporating the old into the new, as seen in this house near the Trevi Fountain. We can clearly see a mix of tufa blocks and brick, a prime example of later architects intertwining old materials with the new. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halle Beshouri (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Halle Beshouri (2020) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context exteriorwalls_2019 Title A name given to the resource Exterior Walls Description An account of the resource Medieval Roman homes often had a storefront at street level, just as this home does today. Back in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, these spaces would have been cramped, spilling out into the street in a search for space. The interior of the shop would have featured hanging space for tools and shelves for storage (or a sleepy apprentice looking for a makeshift bed), while cupboards were uncommon. Due to tight quarters indoors, there was much more of an expulsion of people and things out into the streets than we see today. Picture Romans, desperate for more space and natural light, chatting to neighbors leaning out of upper story windows, or relaxing after a long day of shopping on benches propped up next to houses. In fact, external walls were used quite extensively. As a space-saving measure, homeowners eschewed interior blinds for awnings that projected out into the streets. Laundry would be strung up to dry outside; that practice is still common today in some parts of Italy, though perhaps hanging bird cages and assorted household items on hooks, chains, and poles along facades is less so. This practice demonstrates a blurring of the lines between private homes and the public sphere. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Frugoni, Chiara, and Arsenio Frugoni. A Day in a Medieval City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Krautheimer, Richard, and Marvin Trachtenberg. Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1350 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1300s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via di San Vicenzo, 30 00187 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1200s houses & shops https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/3f4e6ef21674bafb50e993d3e2bc40b6.jpg c395b6fc9eae016c705c289053133cf9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Front of the Complex Subject The topic of the resource Houses and Shops Description An account of the resource This photo captures a view of the complex of Casa Mattei from the side of the street by the river, including its protective walls Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alex Chertoff (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/ba15084247922c026dca7ecac3628bc5.jpg 15dde87a2f998f9a95c99a563fe3a779 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Side and Balcony Subject The topic of the resource Houses and Shops Description An account of the resource Here we see the side of the complex which demonstrates the structure’s many windows, impressive height, and and complicated architectural design Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alex Chertoff (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/83190818405c42ebcf26a6da755ced83.jpg f4b1e43faddae663cde7f512e5b1bdc8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Side Entrance Subject The topic of the resource Houses and Shops Description An account of the resource This view of the side entrance shows some medieval arched windows, along with some inscriptions that have survived and have been incorporated into the structure. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alex Chertoff (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/e691ad218198baacc313400a2b90a917.jpg 442a2ac87cc882efcad56f1ba3fdefbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Back of the Complex Subject The topic of the resource Houses and Shops Description An account of the resource The back of the complex further shows its sheer size. Its windows have been adapted from the medieval structure, along with the columns seen on the bottom right. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alex Chertoff (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alex Chertoff (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context casamattei_2019 Title A name given to the resource Casa Mattei Description An account of the resource The Casa Mattei is a great example of what a medieval house would look like for a powerful noble family. While these types of families would hold many properties throughout an entire neighborhood, the norm was that the whole family would live together under one roof. As a result, you get impressive structures such as the Casa Mattei. The house is designed like a family complex, with many different rooms to house the large family. Columns on the wall may point to the presence of a portico, in which business could be conducted, and the outer walls point towards some level of fortification for protection. The complex also consists of a loggia, which would create a space for the women of the household to spend time outdoors, allowing them to enjoy the outdoors and a cool breeze off the river, while still remaining out of sight from everyday men and women on the street. The house is located on the Via Della Lungaretta, one of the most important and densely populated thoroughfares in Trastevere since ancient times. Powerful families, such as the Mattei, lived on the Via Della Lungaretta because of its economic importance, which stems from its location right by Tiber Island and its bridges to Tiber bend, and its religious importance, as it leads to Santa Maria in Trastevere and acted as a major route for religious processions. The Mattei family would have held property all along the area, receiving rents from shopkeepers and other residents in the forms of money, wine, grain, and more. However, the Casa Mattei would have acted as their home and headquarters, an impressive complex fit for a powerful noble family, establishing their dominating presence in Trastevere. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brentano, Robert. Rome before Avignon : A Social History of Thirteenth-century Rome. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. (p. 26, 35.) Robbins, Deborah. “Via Della Lungaretta: The Making of a Medieval Street.” In Streets : Critical Perspectives on Public Space, edited by Çelik, Favro, Ingersoll. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994) p.166. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1271 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1300s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. 14 Lungotevere Degli Anguillara, 14, 00153 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1300s houses & shops https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/8e66069ff5cafc957607727cf30a0b3c.jpg 8d3bef0629999ca2868fb70b1ed28c47 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Confraternity's Emblem Description An account of the resource This is the Raccomandati's emblem, located on the wall right on the corner wall of the new and the old ward of the confraternity. It depicts a kneeling figurine bearing candles adore the Christ effigy of the Salvatore Achiropita. It's the symbol a poor and sick would look for during the Middle Ages. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muyang Shi (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/12/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/593bedcdc0145b99d5c8b184aa0fdf0f.jpg 0d341e4f0ee3c56c713717635e378e39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holy Angel Description An account of the resource The Holy Angel belongs to the Roman hospital type, with an aisleless, single-sotry hall articulated by diaphragm arches in the interior and buttresses in the exterior and main portico along the public street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muyang Shi (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/12/2019 Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/655feb8eda63d174a592b86ccf8ab6b7.jpg 403427b4a40e2d463a1a0b81604caff1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Cemetery Garden Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource The Cemetery was in the North Compound, formerly belonging to the Annibaldi, and is now a small formal garden. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muyang Shi (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/12/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/2bd26fe431a3f4e821bae7ff5e776521.jpg b8b018c7701f0bc585663e8499413007 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Funerary Chapel Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource To the left of the garden, this small church with the apse turned toward the street was the funerary chapel. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muyang Shi (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/12/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/34e88fb50d580f7cb79fe8ed0a4a1505.jpg 363bcf7dcd5725c99e8aad5887d76378 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Portico of the Holy Angel Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource Holy Angel was the main infirmary of the confraternity. This is the portico facing the street S. Stefano Rotondo. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muyang Shi (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/12/19 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Muyang Shi (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context aziendaospedaliera_2019 Title A name given to the resource Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Addolorata Description An account of the resource Giovanni Colonna in 1216 raised a charitable establishment, “the hospital buildings,” to the west of the Lateran. At the tail end of the 13th century, the Colonna established the confraternity to “man the church and hospital complex of St. Peter and Marcellinus as part of their bid to take over the Lateran.” Starting in 1330, this confraternity, the Raccomandati, received various ruined houses as a donation, which they later made hospital and becomes today’s St. John Hospital in Lateran. In 1332, municipal administration regained Colosseum, and the confraternity received the license allowing them to run a public hospital in the following year. The complex of the Raccomandati is split into two parts. The buildings in the northern complex were mainly gained from the Annibaldi family, which comprised of a cemetery that is now a formal garden, the women ward and the Annibaldi’s tower house that is now attached to it, and a funerary chapel - a small church with the apse turned toward the street. The buildings in the southern complex were comprised of the new and the old Ward that was perpendicularly positioned, blocking an ancient kilns inside that was reused by the confraternity, and the church of S. Andrea and the Holy Angel - the confraternity’s main infirmary, with its portico along the street and a clear emblem over the arch. The infirmary belongs to the Roman hospital type for an “aisleless, single-story hall articulated by diaphragm arches in the interior and buttresses in the exterior.” Some of the more significant expansions of this confraternity were during the Black Death and the Jubilee. That is not surprising, for the Black Death tested the reliability of the confraternity’s complex and the pilgrims coming for the Jubilee who entered from Porta Maggiore would soon see the complex and the emblem of this confraternity, right behind St. John in Lateran. The emblem depicts a kneeling figurine bearing candles adore the Christ effigy of the Salvatore Achiropita. When one was sick and poor during the Middle Ages, that is precisely the symbol one would be looking for. The Raccomandati was closely related with the Senate, for running the hospital was itself a civic leadership role, a promise of competent administration; self-governing entrepreneurial elites viewed themselves of constructed social and corporate identity. The charitable services enlarged their self-esteem by shaping an image of capable governance. And in 1386, the municipal authority assigned civil and penal jurisdiction over Via Maior (now Via San Giovanni) and officially entrusted the confraternity with the protection and development of this area, which the Raccomandati reshaped around 1395, of the road junctions, and made it an enclosed and easily controllable urban sluice gate. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Keyvanian, Carla. Hospitals and Urbanism in Rome, 1200-1500. Edited by Walter S. Melion. Leiden: Brill, 2015. p.289 - 338 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1216 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1400s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via di S. Giovanni in Laterano, 63, 00184 Roma RM, Italy Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1300s hospitals https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/41bc85f6975ec63e745a2f98c35f5554.jpg 3c27d3e91bb14f16ea50b40c9d548ca6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Church of Santo Spirito in Sassia Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource This is a modern-day view of the Church of Santo Spirito in Sassia. This church has been in this same complex since its creation under Pope Innocent III at the beginning of the 13th century. The church's facade is located on the eastern side of the complex. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jordan Fues (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/949450f1ae6a0622a2b33828c4dfa38d.jpg b7f536f5bbe9aec51d9b58cd4fee7329 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sculpture at Modern Ospedale di Santo Spirito Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource This is a sculpture of a poor beggar located outside of the modern-day Ospedale di Santo Spirito. The sculpture depicts one of the poor who might have been assisted at the medieval hospital. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jordan Fues (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/19 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/9c021985901b46ff8e3de969792f6e91.jpg 9326ad3855b33f0489fa35b0ee3376b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sistine Ward Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource This is Sixtus IV's Sistine Ward, which functioned as a hospital facility until the 1970s. Today, the Sistine Ward is part of a convention center. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jordan Fues (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource RIghts held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jordan Fues (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context ospedaledisanto_2019 Title A name given to the resource Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia Description An account of the resource The Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia, or the first monumental hospital built in Rome, was established under Pope Innocent III in the early 13th century CE. The complex got its name from its location at the site of the former Schola Saxonum, which was created under Saxon rule during the 8th century BCE. Santo Spirito was one of three of Innocent’s hospitals that he built during his papacy; Innocent also commissioned the hospitals of Sant’Urbano ai Pantani and San Tommaso in Formis. It is important to remember that Santo Spirito was a complex. Other than the main, one-floor infirmary hall, it also included the Palazzo del Commendatore, a tall building connected to the hospital that housed the people who ran the complex. In addition, the Church of Santo Spirito, which was dedicated to Santa Maria, was also part of the complex. The hospital was run by the Hospitallers confraternity, which was a group that, along with working at the complex, also gave assistance to needy pilgrims, fighters in holy lands, and even helped to protect papal property. In return for their services the Hospitallers received special privileges from the papacy. The hospital hall built by Innocent III no longer exists, today as it was demolished in the late 15th century when Pope Sixtus IV rebuilt the Santo Spirito complex. Sixtus commissioned a larger infirmary hall, called the Sistine Ward, in place of the old one. The Sistine Ward is still visible on the eastern side of the modern-day complex. In addition to the Sistine Ward, Sixtus also built a library, an impressive octagonal tower, and cloisters as part of the new complex. Sixtus’s construction solidified the Borgo area as the official home and seat of power of the papacy. To strengthen papal power, which was waning in 13th century Rome, Innocent III changed several government conventions: along with tying himself closely with multiple confraternities and monastic orders, he also reduced the number of allotted Senate councilors. Innocent’s hospitals served as signs of papal power and even forms of protection for the papacy’s rule. Innocent was able to show off the wealth and influence of the papacy as well as his own piety through his hospital complexes. These large, impressive constructions were meant to reinforce the papacy’s authority and might in Rome. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Keyvanian, Carla. Hospitals and Urbanism in Rome, 1200-1500. Edited by Walter S. Melion. Leiden: Brill, 2015. “Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia.” Wikipedia, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospedale_di_Santo_Spirito_in_Sassia Picardi, Nicola. “Birth in Rome of the First Hospital in the History of Europe. Further Development of the Roma’s Hospitals.” (Italy: Annali Italiani di Chirurgia, Edizione Digitale, 2010), 329-335. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c097/6b48404fdb4ed1408529cbf524024e03a605.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1200 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1200s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via dei Penitenzieri, 12, 00193 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1200s 1400s hospitals https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/224f2bdcb79852734f9fe5c236e64b60.JPG 99099db544baa6f9ea3380db637e7b10 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Via del Corso Subject The topic of the resource Hospitals Description An account of the resource The Via del Corso is where the hospital of San Giacomo originally located Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Skylar Yu (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Skylar Yu (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sangiacomo_2019 Title A name given to the resource San Giacomo degli Incurabili Description An account of the resource The hospital of San Giacomo in Augusta was the third hospital build in Rome during the Middle Ages. According to Cardinal Pietro Colonna’s will, the initial structure of the hospital was erected in 1339 in honor of his uncle Giacomo Colonna, who had noticed that the incurable patients, wounded and in need for a long period of hospitalization, were rejected by the other two hospitals. The complex initially was the Mausoleum of Emperor Augustus, built in 28 BC, which became a stronghold of the Colonna family in the Middle Ages. Giacomo intended to redeem the honor of the house by doing charity for more people in Rome, as well as showing the family power. The location of the hospital is near Tiber river and next to Portages del Popolo, allowing easier accessor for food and medicine supply coming by the river and providing convenience for the pilgrims coming from a long distance on food. In the 16th century, Pope Leo X transformed the hospital for the sick and the incurable of all social classes and all genders, with particular attention to the cure of syphilis, which was rapidly and widely spread during the time. Leo X also established free assistance to the sick. The main source of funding was obtained mainly from the donations of the private donors (Pope Leo X was among them), and from the revenues of the various assets that were attributed to the hospital itself. Also in the 16th century, under the first ambitious reconstruction of the hospital, the Chiesa di Giacomo in Augusta was built next to the hospital. Moreover, Chiesa di Santa Maria Portages Paradisi was rebuilt and given its name in 1523 as part of the extension of an adjoining hospital. Unfortunately, in 2008, the hospital was closed forever by regional law of Lazio for very complicated reasons, arousing a large number of protests and inconveniences. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Keyvanian, Carla. Hospitals and Urbanism in Rome, 1200-1500. Edited by Walter S. Melion. Leiden: Brill, 2015. Tanner Fliss '16, “Santa Maria Porta Paradisi,” Carleton Guide to Medieval Rome from Reason, accessed May 31, 2019, http://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/items/show/245. "Ospedale Di San Giacomo Degli Incurabili." Wikiwand. Accessed May 31, 2019. https://www.wikiwand.com/it/Ospedale_di_San_Giacomo_degli_Incurabili#/La_medaglia_pontificia. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1339 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1400s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via del Corso, 00186 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1500s hospitals https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/4fed5da0fbd7e76f6779dc89ed0d45c6.JPG ee617ed7eea1f7eb4db406dcb30ee962 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luca Savelli Tomb Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource This tomb is the oldest layman's tomb in Rome. The only medieval element remaining is the statue of Mary inlaid into the marble, by Arnolfo di Cambio Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Coyne (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/9d49629f9c29a99e38fa2582f11ce8fc.JPG 6e2206e6ce1f82e59aad5654943bd3dd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Opa Sectile Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource This is an example of some opus sectile work in near the high altar. One can still find some hoof-prints from the time the French used the church as a stable dug into the flooring! Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Coyne (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/8c23332c8bd9c07f335ea000eebba771.JPG d95a73be2c914d2c8361dc38657f4fcc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Santa Maria in Aracoeli at the Capitoline Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource Check out the facade of the medieval church against the Vittorio Emanuele II Monument, which was constructed in the late 19th century and destroyed much of the Capitoline's religious complex. The juxtaposition is striking. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Coyne (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/61e06842d3958f9e48930d6e74b561c7.JPG 16c3f1c4452e3afe7f9954ce980da928 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Altar at Aracoeli— The Holy Icon is Housed Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource The Icon of the Virgin Mary, in its many forms, serves an incredibly important role in medieval civic religion. Here we can see an early icon's continued religious significance on full display. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Coyne (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/2/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource RIghts held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/902a4ec6d67c17a422388273a24a1871.JPG c634d82d509383257db00f894a3509b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tomb of Cardinal Matteo D’Acquasparta Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource The tomb of D'Acquasparta is a great example of what remains of late medieval tomb work, though some scholars have claimed it is a lowering in quality as compared to the previous pieces by the same workshop Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joanthan Coyne (2020) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jonathan Coyne (2020) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context santamaria_2019 Title A name given to the resource Santa Maria in Aracoeli Description An account of the resource Santa Maria in Aracoeli, or “Saint Mary in the Altar of the Sky,” is an incredibly important church that remains a major cultural, civic, and religious monument to this day. Situated on the Campidoglio, the governmental center of 13th and 14th century Rome, during the late middle ages the church served as the center of the city’s civic religion, with its notable owners, the Franciscans, having increased power. Its founding is traditionally attributed to Saint Helena, the emperor Constantine's mother. Her relics can be found at the church today, another piece of evidence for the site’s imperial and religious significance. The story goes that site was considered important as it was where Emperor Augustus first saw his vision of the Virgin Mary in her “Altar of the Sky.” By the 9th century, we know that the church was occupied by Benedictine monks; in 1248, Pope Innocent IV dismissed the Benedictines from the property and replaced them with the Franciscans, moving them from their unhealthy and far-off quarters in Trastevere to the heart of the city. The present structure of the church was built in the years following this relocation, as Franciscans had a lot of funding coming in from their ventures abroad. Some important bits of the site to check out include: The steps, made from Spoliated marble and dedicated to the icon of the Virgin Mary, which rests at the altar. Built in the middle of the 14th century under the rule of Cola di Rienzo, it was believed that the icon had protected the city from a plague. This icon was so important that Cola di Rienzo was said to have submitted himself to it at his coronation at the Campidoglio. It’s important to note that the possession of this icon put the Franciscans in a very powerful position in the religious landscape of medieval Rome. Also be sure to check out the facade, which remains simple, in the Franciscan style. Be sure to check out the two remaining rose windows as well. To the left of the altar, one can see where the relics of Saint Helena are housed. Beneath is the altar of the original Benedictine church, which one can still see through a panel of glass. Right nearby is the tomb of Cardinal Matteo d’Acquasparta, a very well preserved piece of late medieval tomb work. To the right of the altar is the old Savelli family chapel, called the chapel of St Francis. There you can see the tomb of Luca Savelli, the oldest known layman's tomb in Rome. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Bolgia, Claudia. "The Felici Icon Tabernacle (1372) at S. Maria in Aracoeli, Reconstructed : Lay Patronage, Sculpture and Marian Devotion in Trecento Rome." Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 68 (2005): 27-72. Bolgia, Claudia. "The So-Called Tribunal of Arnolfo Di Cambio at S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome." The Burlington Magazine 143, no. 1185 (2001): 753-55. Noreen, Kirstin. "The High Altar of Santa Maria in Aracoeli : Recontextualizing a Medieval Icon in Post-tridentine Rome." Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 53 (2008): 99-128 Russo, Laura. Santa Maria in Aracoeli. Rome: Fundo di Edifici in Culto. Ministero dell’Interno, 2007 Gardner, Julian. The Tomb and the Tiara : Curial Tomb Sculpture in Rome and Avignon in the Later Middle Ages. Clarendon Studies in the History of Art. Oxford : New York: Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press, 1992. Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1248 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1200s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Scala dell'Arce Capitolina, 12, 00186 Roma RM, Italy Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1200s Franciscans https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/780bd1db653093e8ab81fb9cb02194f2.png f87cddbddd700bfdc57c12d94f676d6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bell Tower and Roof of San Silvestro Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource A closeup of the medieval bell tower and roof that survive today Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spencer Lekki (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/4ba8389d6e802e85ea81cb1cfed6490c.jpg bad91504942c49037aa5757d67b8e23a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columns from the Medieval Church Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource Columns displayed in the interior courtyard today Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spencer Lekki (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/a9fecb421d8f6d4557b9e15be88a3cca.jpg f376660aa41c8b85c78f150301de2298 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Facade of San Silvestro in Capite Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource View of San Silvestro from the Piazza di San Silvestro Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spencer Lekki (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spencer Lekki (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sansilvestro_2019 Title A name given to the resource San Silvestro in Capite Description An account of the resource San Silvestro in Capite is a church with a rich legacy in Rome before it became the home of the Franciscans and the object of Colona patronage. A Dominican convent in the 13th century, it served as the base for rent collection for the church’s multitude of property holdings both inside and outside of Rome. In 1285 when Pope Honorius IV disbanded the monastery and dispersed the Domincan brothers within, Cardinal Giancomo Colona seized the opportunity to put his own mark on the space. Fresh from a conflict with the former Pope Boniface VIII when he was forced to leave Rome and relinquish some of his land, Giancomo began grand projects to rebuild Colona prestige such as the mosaic program in Santa Maria Maggiore, fire repairs to the Lateran complex, and taking charge of small, run down Benedictine monasteries, such as San Silvestro and the nearby San Lorenzo in Panisperna, and rededicating them to the poor Clares, the female branch of the Franciscans. The Clares entered the urban church from their monastery outside the city and began practicing business in addition to their usual spiritual pursuits, collecting the rent from the church’s land and becoming more involved in the business aspect of owning such vast holdings. Also notable is the immense amount of Colona patronage that the church began to receive in exchange for accepting Colona females into the convent as well as burial and remembrance practice for notable Colona men. Over time San Silvestro became a “family church”, a site where wealth and lands could be religiously and respectfully displayed, while still acting as a beacon of Colona power in the urban landscape. While most of the medieval art has been covered up or moved. Original columns and inscriptions can be found in the courtyard behind the façade. The altar from the church is said to have been moved to either Santi Nereo e Achilleo or San Cesareo in Palatio, both of which are by the Baths of Caracalla. Additionally, if you stand further back in the piazza out front, you can see the top of the old medieval roof and the campanile, or bell tower, which still stands today. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brentano, Robert. Rome before Avignon: A Social History of Thirteenth-century Rome. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Graham, Emily E. “Memorializing Identity: The Foundation and Reform of San Lorenzo in Panisperna.” Franciscan Studies 75 (2017): 467-495. https://muse.jhu.edu/ Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1285 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1300s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Piazza di S.Silvestro, 17A, 00187 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1200s Franciscans https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/ce176f5c1425ae66c747f16040468257.jpg 654b8c5a5946526d8d45e0f62e36563a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Facade of San Lorenzo in Panisperna Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource A view of the church from the via Panisperna Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spencer Lekki (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/4/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Spencer Lekki (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sanlorenzo_2019 Title A name given to the resource San Lorenzo in Panisperna Description An account of the resource According to legend, San Lorenzo in Panisperna is located on the spot at which the martyr St. Lawrence of Rome was grilled to death and after became a moderately successful pilgrimage church due to the presence of his relics. Much of the medieval art and architecture of the church has been covered up by later renovations, but the medieval houses that surround the church can still be seen. In the late 13th century, Cardinal Giacamo Colonna renovated the monastery and ceded it to the Poor Clares, a female subgroup of the Franciscans. Some scholars argue that San Lorenzo was intended to be a “family church” like San Silvestro in Capite, a location where Colona family wealth could be displayed while looking pious rather than greedy. Others argue however that this interpretation minimizes some of the unique circumstances that are wrapped up in the convent’s founding. Giancomo handpicked all of the nuns for the convent and gave them a degree of freedom from the papacy with carefully timed gifts of land. That coupled with Giancomo’s links to so-called “deviant” Franciscan groups who were slightly outside the religious norm indicates that rather than a family church, San Lorenzo in Panisperna may have been a sort of haven for female Franciscans who may have experienced conflict with religious authority, such as his sister, the Colona saint Margherita who had died several years prior. One of the convent’s most notable residents, Saint Bridget of Sweden, had much in common with Margherita and came to Rome after she experienced a divine vision instructing her to do so. Further strengthening this interpretation is the conflict that Giancomo experienced with Pope Boniface the VIII, indicating a potential wariness towards the papacy and a desire to create spaces outside of its direct control. The church retained significance within the urban space due to its proximity to Santa Maria Maggiore and the city center. In fact, during the sack of Rome in 1527 the Clares at San Cosimato in Trastevere crossed the Tiber to take shelter in the more centrally located church. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Graham, Emily E. “Memorializing Identity: The Foundation and Reform of San Lorenzo in Panisperna.” Franciscan Studies 75 (2017): 467-495. https://muse.jhu.edu/ Hart, Vaughan and Peter Hicks. Palladio’s Rome. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. |Krautheimer, Richard. Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000. Lowe, Kate. "Franciscan and Papal Patronage at the Clarissan Convent of San Cosimato in Trastevere, 1440–1560." Papers of the British School at Rome 68 (2000): 217-39. Majanlahti, Anthony. The Families Who Made Rome. New York: Pimlico, 2006. Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1290 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1300s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Via Panisperna, 90, 00184 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1200s Franciscans https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/901582047fee00b8497f2d758a8e00f2.jpeg 6fb0d85c31338c2310f949e07631703a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource San Francesco a Ripa Today Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource This is a photograph of the facade of San Francesco a Ripa. It is difficult to see any medieval influence due to rebuilding projects over the centuries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rebecca Margolis (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rebecca Margolis (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sanbiagio_2019 Title A name given to the resource Franciscans in Rome: San Biagio and San Francesco a Ripa Description An account of the resource San Francesco a Ripa, consecrated in 1601, succeeded San Biagio, which although no longer visible, is important to early Franciscan history in Rome. Founded in the 10th century by the Benedictines, Biagio functioned as a hospital and hospice for the poor and for pilgrims. In the early 13th century, Francis stayed at San Biagio while in Rome to seek approval for the Franciscan order by the pope. This cemented the church complex as an important location for Franciscans, and the cell in which Francis stayed has been preserved in the modern church. In 1229, Pope Gregory IX ordered the Benedictine monks to give San Biagio to the Franciscans. By the mid-medieval period, Trastevere experienced generally increasing population sizes, and because of its location near the Tiber River port, Biagio/a Ripa became a popular place for the nobility to seek burial. This connection to a variety of noble families helped bring additional prestige to the church and further cemented it as a hub of Franciscan activity in Rome. It became the first Franciscan monastery in Rome, and San Francesco remains a Franciscan church today, though much of its medieval roots are no longer visible due to rebuilding projects. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brentano, Robert. Rome before Avignon: A Social History of Thirteenth-century Rome. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Robbins, Deborah King. "A Case Study of Medieval Urban Process: Rome's Trastevere (1250-1450)." Order No. 9006487, University of California, Berkeley, 1989. http://ezproxy.carleton.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.carleton.edu/docview/303675283?accountid=9892. Udina, Cristina. "Dallo xenodocio benedittino al convento francescano,” pp. 21-88 in La fabbrica del convento. Memorie storiche, trasformazioni erecupero del complesso di San Francesco a Ripa in Trastevere, ed. P. Degni and P. L. Porzio (Rome: Donzelli, 2011). Trans. Victoria Morse, 2, June 2019. Nguyen, Shaylin. “San Biagio to San Francesco a Ripa: Benedictine Rule to Franciscan Control,” Carleton Guide to Medieval Rome from Reason, accessed June 3, 2019, http://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/items/show/244. Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1229 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1200s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Piazza di S. Francesco d'Assisi, 88, 00153 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1200s 1600s Franciscans https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/d2a17c2faffc9b1b3a4301b0e8371075.jpeg 9afb6f900ca27acea10395648b1f6ca3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nuova Regina Margherita Ospitale Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource This is a photograph of the front of the modern hospital. To the left, there is a parking lot entrance, and through there the medieval facade and cloisters become visible. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rebecca Margolis (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/794d16e0ebc439f0f7b59d7187d1ced9.JPG 4d2f8bbc14ef0d2beb61b00bc5ab48cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource San Cosimato Cloister Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource A view of the San Cosmito cloister Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rebecca Margolis (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. https://omeka-dev.carleton.edu/cgmr/files/original/f3acddcd033235b6c50636e86bf6a1db.JPG 874a973d39bc5d10d0c3457ccbfcd85f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Cloister Cistern Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Description An account of the resource This is a view of the cistern in the second cloister, which may have originally had a plaque commemorating Sixtus' IV building projects. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rebecca Margolis (2021) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Rights held by creator. Place A location with a street address or larger region. Examples include building, statue, piazza, fountain, port, neighborhood, paintings, sculptures, frescoes, floors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rebecca Margolis (2021) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context sancosimato_2019 Title A name given to the resource Franciscan Rome: San Cosimato Description An account of the resource Founded in the 10th century as a Benedictine monastery, the convent of San Cosimato came into the possession of the Franciscans in 1234, when Pope Gregory IV ordered the Benedictines to give the space to the Clares, an order of Franciscan nuns. San Cosimato became the first female Franciscan convent in Rome, and remained an integral part of the growing network of Franciscans in and around Rome for centuries. The existing sources about the convent’s history come from chronicles and records written and kept by the nuns; the most complete chronical was written by Suor Orsola Formici in the sixteenth century. It is necessary to note that while women carved both religious and intellectual spaces for themselves at Cosimato, male Franciscans still held the power to make decisions on behalf of the women- female subservience was expected. Cosimato experienced a busy 15th and 16th century. In 1451, a shuffling around of Clarison convents took place, and Cosimato was re-staffed with nuns from central Italy. In 1439, and again in 1456, papal bulls brought Clarison convents under the auspices of the papacy, which resulted in the Pope and the Franciscan order sharing authority over the Clares. This lead to a closer relationship between the convent, and Franciscans as a whole, with the papacy, and demonstrated the growing popularity and power of the Franciscan movement. A peak of this close relationship with the papacy occurred in 1471, with the patronage of the first Franciscan pope, Pope Sixtus the IV. Pope Sixtus invested heavily in San Cosimato, supposedly funding a second cloister and a campanile and financing repairs around 1475. Sixtus’ building projects and the original medieval façade can still be seen today, in the hospice care unit of Nuova Regina Margharita Ospitale. As a result of the patronage of Sixtus and the continued popularity of Franciscan-ism, Cosimato experienced a population increase from 12 in 1451, to 70 in 1521. Considered models of good behavior, the nuns of Cosimato were often sent to other convents to reform them. On a final note, San Cosimato was broken into and robbed during the 1527 sack of Rome. Though the nuns sought refuge at San Silvestro, invaluable records were destroyed during the robbery, significantly affecting the number of primary sources now available on the convent’s history. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Brentano, Robert. Rome before Avignon: A Social History of Thirteenth-century Rome. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Lowe, Kate. "Franciscan and Papal Patronage at the Clarissan Convent of San Cosimato in Trastevere, 1440–1560." Papers of the British School at Rome 68 (2000): 217-39. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40311030. Subject The topic of the resource Franciscans Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1234 Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1400s Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Nuovo Regina Margherita, Via Emilio Morosini, 30, 00153 Roma RM Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1400s Franciscans